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Bilirubin Levels Chart (Normal, Low, High Bilirubin Levels Explained)

نشرت بواسطة:Dr.Megan Ralf December 04, 2024 في Bilirubin, LFT

Bilirubin Levels Chart is a table of common bilirubin levels that cause jaundice yellowish color of the skin and eyes sclera, including normal bilirubin levels, high bilirubin levels, and low bilirubin levels in the same place.

Where bilirubin comes from and where does bilirubin go to?

Bilirubin comes from the degradation of <a data-id="61" data-type="post" href="https://bloodtestsresults.com/what-does-low-hemoglobin-levels-mean/">hemoglobin </a>and cells breakdown by spleen or other organs, bilirubin enters bloodstream as large insoluble molecule which has the term (unconjugated),when reaches the liver, hepatic cells perform chemical reaction to make bilirubin soluble in the blood by bound it to the glucuronic acid by the enzyme glucuronyltransferase which then called (conjugated), conjugated bilirubin go from the liver to the intestine and undergoes reduction to the form called stercobilirubin which give the stool its yellowish color, another part of direct bilirubin go to urine through the kidney after being transformed to a compound called urobilinogen (urine dye) which gives the urine the yellowish color.

Measuring Bilirubin at the lab: scientists measure conjugated bilirubin and report it as (direct bilirubin), and measures total bilirubin values, then calculated the unconjugated bilirubin by subtracting direct from the total, the result is the estimated indirect bilirubin (unconjugated)

When your doctor requests a bilirubin test, this means direct bilirubin (DBil), indirect bilirubin, and total-value bilirubin (TBil), the bilirubin test for the newborns is "total bilirubin and/or indirect bilirubin"

<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter is-style-rounded"><img alt="" class="wp-image-705" loading="lazy" src="http://www.bloodtestsresults.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/jaundice-sclera-eyes-white-300x250.jpg" /></figure>

Hyperbilirubinemia, Jaundice, icterus are medical terms for high bilirubin levels in the blood and urine, clearly, jaundice means a yellow discoloration of the skin and icterus means discoloration of the eyes, while kernicterus is a medical condition that means brain cells damage due to high bilirubin levels in the blood, usually at levels such as 30 mg/dl, Bilirubin is a highly neurotoxic substance. Medical shortcodes for TSB, DSB, ISB are total, direct, indirect serum bilirubin respectively.Total bilirubin is the sum of all bilirubin forms in the blood and does not represent a different type of bilirubin in the body.

The bilirubin showed in urine and skin at serum bilirubin levels between 3.0 to 5.0 mg/dl, skin jaundice and eyes yellowish discoloration appear, urine color become dark yellow or as light tea when direct bilirubin is high in the blood when indirect bilirubin is higher than 25mg/dl in the blood, it may show greenish plasma color as a result of the severe elevation of indirect bilirubin (due to increased activity of biliverdin reductase enzyme which reduces biliverdin to bilirubin).

<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Comprehended bilirubin levels chart for all ages (adults and newborns)</h2>

<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Low bilirubin levels explained</h3>

Low levels of bilirubin are generally not concerning and are not monitored as there are no studies confirming the risk for a low level of bilirubin.

Bilirubin results like:

<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Total bilirubin less than 0.4 is not a concern of abnormalities.</li>

<li>Indirect less than 0.3 is another insignificant bilirubin level.</li>
</ul>

<h4 class="wp-block-heading">Normal bilirubin levels</h4>

Normal bilirubin level is a bilirubin value that means there are no diseases that could be found in the sources of synthesis, processing, and removing of bilirubin.

<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>normal bilirubin values lie between <a data-id="123" data-type="post" href="https://bloodtestsresults.com/what-does-reference-range-means/">reference ranges</a>, the lower limit, and the upper limit.</li>

<li>Direct bilirubin 0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 is normal results and cannot be a cause of jaundice unless indirect bilirubin continue to be high.</li>

<li>Indirect bilirubin 0.8, 0.7, 0.6, 0.5,0.4, and 0.3 are all normal levels of blood bilirubin.</li>

<li>Total bilirubin level 0.9,0.8,0.7,0.6,0.5,0, and 4.0 are normal and not jaundice whatever is the result of direct and indirect bilirubin.</li>
</ul>

<blockquote class="wp-block-quote">
Recommendation: if it's the first time you take a bilirubin test, there is no further investigation when results is normal, if you're on medication, then you're just fine and continue to keep it normal.
</blockquote>

Borderline Bilirubin results: Are the bilirubin levels that reach the normal upper limits or slightly above, can’t be taken seriously as jaundice, and need for new test after a few days, sometimes borderline bilirubin levels show up when the person is on medications.

<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Bilirubin direct 0.4 with normal indirect and total bilirubin results.</li>

<li>Bilirubin indirect level is 0.9 and total is 1.0 mg/dl.</li>

<li>Bilirubin total is 1.1 and normal direct and indirect bilirubin.</li>
</ul>

False bilirubin results: Lab errors must be confirmed by retesting bilirubin after a few days, physiological causes as dehydration show pale yellow skin and deep yellow eye's white area which may be confused with jaundice, results may be as:

<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Bilirubin direct level is higher than the total bilirubin level, for instance; direct 1.0 and total 0.8 mg/dl.</li>

<li>Bilirubin levels show slight increase above the upper normal limit; for ex. Total 1.1 and 1.2 mg/dl.</li>

<li>Total bilirubin results are very low: 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 mg/dl which could be false low results or wrong test.</li>
</ul>

<h1 class="wp-block-heading">High bilirubin levels (hyperbilirubinemia)</h1>

<h3 style="text-align: left;">Causes of hyperbilirubinemia:</h3>High Direct bilirubin helps in diagnosis the liver function and post hepatic jaundice caused by obstruction of bilirubin in common bile ducts (obstructive jaundice) by gallstones, tumors, or scarring of bile ducts, also some diseases cause liver function failure such as viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, and drug reactions.High Indirect bilirubin helps in diagnosis of pre-hepatic jaundice caused by rapid hemolysis of red blood cells of infants or adults such as hemolytic anemia, pernicious anemia, also blood  transfusion reaction, and Cirrhosis cause high indirect jaundice, inability to produce the enzyme which converting indirect to direct is a common cause of jaundice without a disease, this case known as inherited Gilbert syndrome and cause relative elevation in indirect bilirubin.

High bilirubin (total) is either due to:

<ol class="wp-block-list">
<li>High indirect bilirubin level with normal or slightly elevated direct bilirubin, commonly seen by those with excessive hemolytic anemia for any cause and newborn jaundice due to new birth immaturity or RH incompatibility between mother and baby, may be called hemolytic jaundice, for example:</li>
</ol>

<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Indirect bili. 3.0 high, direct bili. 0.3 normal.</li>

<li>Indirect bilirubin 10.0 very high, slightly elevated direct bilirubin 0.5 mg/dl.</li>
</ul>

2. High direct Bilirubin level with normal or slightly elevated indirect bilirubin, commonly seen in results of obstructive jaundice due to hepatitis A for children or stones, for example:

<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Direct bilirubin 7.5 mg/dl high, indirect bilirubin normal 0.6 mg/dl.</li>

<li>Direct bilirubin 11.0 mg/dl high, indirect bilirubin slightly elevated 0.9 mg/dl.</li>
</ul>

3. Both conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin is elevated, values are almost the same, commonly results from hepatic diseases, for instance:

<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Direct bilirubin 9.0 mg/dl, indirect bilirubin 8.0 mg/dl.</li>

<li>Indirect bilirubin 12.0 mg/dl, direct bilirubin 11.5 mg/dl.</li>
</ul>

Common bilirubin levels in infant newborns:

<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter is-style-rounded"><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Newborns high bilirubin on skin</figcaption></figure>

<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>1 day after birth: direct 0.2, indirect 3.5 mg/dl, total is 3.7</li>

<li>2 days: direct 0.3, indirect 5.0, and total is 5.3</li>

<li>1 week to 10 days after birth: indirect 13.0, direct 1.0, and total bilirubin 14.0 mg/dl.</li>

<li>2 weeks: should be reduced towards the normal limits, if increased; may show total bilirubin over 20 mg/dl, which is very high and incubation is required, extremely elevated total bilirubin higher than 30 mg/dl is a serious condition and may lead to Kernicterus which is deadly brain damage.</li>
</ul>

<blockquote class="wp-block-quote">
For treatment and follow up tests of newborn jaundice, please visit this topic; <a data-id="699" data-type="post" href="https://bloodtestsresults.com/jaundice-in-newborns-jaundice-levels-chart-51215182030/">jaundice in newborns</a>, and <a data-id="52" data-type="post" href="https://bloodtestsresults.com/normal-bilirubin-levels-in-newborns-infants/">bilirubin blood test results</a>.
</blockquote>

High bilirubin with no visible disease Gilbert, Crigler-Najjar syndrome, and alcohols are common reasons for high bilirubin levels without an obvious disease.

<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>In Crigler-Najjar syndrome, at birth or in infancy the child show jaundice with Severe unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, if bilirubin is extremely elevated can cause condition called kernicterus, the accumulation of unconjugated bilirubin in the brain and nerve tissues and lead to brain damage and death.</li>

<li>In Gilbert's syndrome: also has the medical terms constitutional hepatic dysfunction and familial non-hemolytic jaundice, seen by accident during checkup testing, the one still be confused where and when he acquired this bilirubin, all hemolytic tests and hepatic causes are absent, the bilirubin still constantly at near high levels for all the life as the original reason is “born with gene mutation caused abnormal bilirubin metabolism”</li>
</ul>

<blockquote class="wp-block-quote">
Remarks: Hereditary jaundice show steady bilirubin levels and continuous follow up.
</blockquote>

Have you got help with this explanation? please share the knowledge, no matter if you ask for additional help.

Bilirubin Levels Chart (Normal, Low, High Bilirubin Levels Explained)

Bilirubin Levels Chart is a table of common bilirubin levels that cause jaundice yellowish color of the skin and eyes sclera, including nor... Read More »

Updated: Jaundice Levels Chart in Newborns (Jaundice Levels 5,12,15,18,20,30 explained)

نشرت بواسطة:Dr.Megan Ralf December 04, 2024 في Bilirubin, LFT

Jaundice levels chart is to know the normal Jaundice Levels in newborn infants, the risk jaundice levels that need treatment for the newborn baby, and the new guidelines for effective treatment and fasts getting rid of jaundice.
Jaundice has another medical term “icterus” and means a yellowish tinge to the skin and the white part of the eye (sclera) that is caused by an excess of bilirubin in the blood, which is called in medicine <a data-id="671" data-type="post" href="https://bloodtestsresults.com/bilirubin-levels-chart-low-high-bilirubin-levels/">hyperbilirubinemia</a>.

Serum indirect bilirubin level is the most common elevated bilirubin in newborns, high direct bilirubin in newborn infants seen in rare conditions of biliary atresia which requires surgical intervention to prevent any liver damage to the child, and in neonatal hepatitis.

Risky Jaundice levels:

The normal total bilirubin level is any value from 0.3 to 1.0 mg/dL. In a newborn, due to less mature <a data-id="29" data-type="post" href="https://bloodtestsresults.com/a-blood-test-for-liver-function-evaluation-with-references/">liver function</a> and absence of microorganisms (both are processing bilirubin), normal bilirubin level in a newborn under 5 mg/dL, then go higher in many newborns, the infant bilirubin levels usually fall substantially by day 7, the bilirubin risk level in newborns are more than 15 mg/dL before 48 hours old, more than 18 mg/dL before 72 hours old, more than 20 mg/dL anytime for both healthy born or preterm delivery).

<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://bloodtestsresults.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/jaundice-levels-bilirubin-levels-chart.webp"><img alt="jaundice-levels-bilirubin-levels-chart" class="wp-image-4437" loading="lazy" src="https://bloodtestsresults.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/jaundice-levels-bilirubin-levels-chart.webp" style="height: 300px; width: 400px;" /></a></figure>

Why do Newborns children have jaundice and high bilirubin?

High indirect bilirubin in newborns is a result of accelerated RBCs breakdown due to:

<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Blood type incompatibility between the mother and her newborn, recommended for Blood film examination to observe <a data-id="39" data-type="post" href="https://bloodtestsresults.com/normal-hemoglobin-levels/">hemoglobin level</a>, NRBCs and reticulocyte count.</li>

<li>Lack of oxygen (hypoxia), Arterial blood gases test is recommended.</li>

<li>Diseases that can affect the liver, liver function tests are recommended.</li>

<li>Certain congenital infections.</li>
</ul>

Hyperbilirubinemia risk levels in infants:

<ol class="wp-block-list">
<li>Lower Risk: More than or equal to 38 weeks and well, recommended to evaluate for phototherapy and check TSB in 4-24 hours.</li>

<li>Medium Risk: More than or equal to 38 weeks and hyperbili risk factors OR 35 to 37 6/7 weeks and well, recommended to evaluate for phototherapy and check TSB in 4-24 hours.</li>

<li>Higher Risk: 35 to 37 6/7 weeks and hyperbili risk factors, recommended to evaluate for phototherapy and check TSB in 4-24 hours.</li>
</ol>

Who is at risk of high bilirubin levels?

Hyperbilirubinemia Risk Factors are:

<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>TSB/TcB in high-risk zone</li>

<li>Jaundice in the first 24 hours</li>

<li>ABO incompatibility with positive direct Coomb's test, known hemolytic disease, or elevated ETCO.</li>

<li>Gestational age 35-36 weeks</li>

<li>Prior sibling had phototherapy</li>

<li>Cephalohematoma or bruising</li>

<li>Exclusive breastfeeding, esp. with poor feeding or weight loss</li>

<li>East Asian Race</li>
</ul>

Neurotoxicity Risk Factors

Neurotoxicity level is the bilirubin level at which brain damage is expected.

<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Isoimmune Hemolytic Disease</li>

<li>G6PD deficiency, G6PD test is needed with <a href="http://www.bloodtestsresults.com/normal-cbc-values-with-differential-at-birth/">CBC test</a>.</li>

<li>Asphyxia</li>

<li>Significant lethargy</li>

<li>Temperature instability</li>

<li>Sepsis, recommended for blood culture and PCR test for specific microbes.</li>

<li>Acidosis, observed through ABG test and serum electrolytes test.</li>

<li>Albumin less than 3.0 g/dL</li>
</ul>

How to get rid of jaundice in newborn babies?

According to AAP Phototherapy Guidelines (2004)

<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Lower Neurotoxicity Risk Level is when baby born at more than or equal to 38 weeks and well, doesn’t need to start phototherapy until reaches an approximate threshold 11.7 mg/dl at 24 hours of age.</li>

<li>Medium Neurotoxicity Risk Level is when baby born at 38 weeks with neurotoxicity risk factors OR 35 to 37 6/7 weeks and well, start phototherapy when reaches approximate threshold 9.9 mg/dl at 24 hours of age.</li>

<li>Higher Neurotoxicity Risk Level is when baby born 35 to 37 6/7 weeks and neurotoxicity risk factors, bilirubin level reaches an approximate threshold 8 mg/dl at 24 hours of age, recommended to start phototherapy.</li>
</ul>

Which bilirubin level needs incubator phototherapy or at home?

<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Home phototherapy is effective when TSB levels 2-3 mg/dl (35-50 µmol/L), or when there are no risk factors with elevated bilirubin levels in normal born babies.</li>

<li>Hospital phototherapy at a specialized incubator are more recommended than the home therapy solutions especially with those preterm newborns with risk factors.</li>
</ul>

Please read the previous explanation about <a data-id="52" data-type="post" href="https://bloodtestsresults.com/normal-bilirubin-levels-in-newborns-infants/">normal newborn bilirubin levels</a>. If you got any help please share the knowledge, welcome to your question.

Updated: Jaundice Levels Chart in Newborns (Jaundice Levels 5,12,15,18,20,30 explained)

Jaundice levels chart is to know the normal Jaundice Levels in newborn infants, the risk jaundice levels that need treatment for the newbor... Read More »

33 drugs cause high liver enzymes and liver pain

نشرت بواسطة:Dr.Megan Ralf December 04, 2024 في LFT

What drugs cause abnormal high liver enzymes count in blood test results, get to know them may help you and your children heal faster and live healthier, many medications can be responsible for mild to moderate increase in the liver enzyme tests.
<a href="http://www.bloodtestsresults.com/a-blood-test-for-liver-function-Evaluation-with-References.html">liver function test</a>s include ALT and AST which have a medical term of liver enzymes as they're more frequently requested, in addition to ALK, Bilirubin, Gamma GT test, Albumin, and total protein test. 
lft test is a short lab term for liver function test.Liver pain is often confused with kidney pain, abdominal pain, or back pain because of its location. Liver pain is felt in the upper-right quadrant beneath your rib cage. It is usually felt as an ache that is dull, or the pains can be sharp and can sometimes be accompanied by back/shoulder pain. <h4 style="text-align: left;">
Causes of Liver Pain</h4>
<ol>
<li>Acetaminophen toxicity</li>
<li>Alcoholic liver disease</li>
<li>Primary liver cancer</li>
<li>Liver cirrhosis</li>
<li>Liver cysts</li>
<li>Liver fibrosis</li>
<li><a href="http://www.bloodtestsresults.com/Hepatitis-b-virus-antibody-HBV-HBSAg-HBSAb-HBcAb-Positive-results-interpretation.html">Hepatitis</a></li>
<li>PSC (Primary sclerosing cholangitis)</li>
<li>The fatty liver disease: Victims usually have diabetes, pre-diabetes, high cholesterol and triglycerides. Other causes include:
<ul>
<li>Medications</li>
<li>Inherited or autoimmune liver disease</li>
<li>Malnutrition</li>
<li>Rapid weight loss</li>
<li>Viral hepatitis</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
Signs include fatigue, liver failure, loss of appetite, nausea, weight loss, weakness, jaundice, cola colored urine and fluid in the abdominal cavity among others. Treatment involves eating balanced meals, increasing physical activity and exercising. Staying away from unnecessary medication also speeds up the healing process. In severe cases, liver transplant may be recommended.<h3 style="text-align: left;">Examples of some of the common medications with potential liver toxicity include:</h3>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">Pain relief medications such as:</h4>
aspirin, 
acetaminophen (Tylenol and others), 
ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), 
naproxen (Naprosyn, Naprelan, Anaprox, Aleve), 
diclofenac (Voltaren, Cataflam, Voltaren-XR), and 
phenylbutazone (Butazolidine) 
<h4 style="text-align: left;">Anti-seizure medications such as:</h4>
phenytoin (Dilantin), 
valproic acid (Depakote, Depakote ER, Depakene, Depacon), 
carbamazepine (Tegretol, Tegretol XR, Equertro), and 
phenobarbital 
<h4 style="text-align: left;">Antibiotics such as:</h4>
tetracyclines, (for example, tetracycline [Achromycin]) 
sulfonamides, 
isoniazid (INH) (Nydrazid, Laniazid) 
sulfamethoxazole (Gantanol), 
trimethoprim (Trimpex; Proloprim, Primsol) 
nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin; Furadantin; Macrobid), 
fluconazole (Diflucan ) and some other anti-fungals, etc. 
<h4 style="text-align: left;">Cholesterol lowering drugs such as statins:</h4>
lovastatin (Mevacor, Altocor), 
pravastatin (Pravachol), 
atorvastatin (Lipitor), 
fluvastatin (Lescol), 
simvastatin (Zocor), 
rosuvastatin (Crestor), and 
niacinLowering cholesterol by drugs cause high liver enzymes and many studies revealed that lowering low cholesterol isn't a good solution for many people with unstable essential oil ratios. 
<h4 style="text-align: left;">Cardiovascular drugs such as:</h4>
amiodarone (Cordarone), 
hydralazine (Apresoline) 
quinidine (Quinaglute, Quinidex), etc. 
Other drugs 
<h4 style="text-align: left;">Antidepressant drugs of the tricyclic type</h4>
With drug-induced liver enzyme abnormalities, the high <a href="http://www.bloodtestsresults.com/high-liver-function-test-results-show-high-liver-enzyme-count-explained.html">liver enzymes</a> usually normalize weeks to months after stopping the medications. Typically, the physician will want to monitor the patient's liver enzymes over time to confirm that the values are normalizing.Finally, it's good to know that: Although the overuse of harmful drugs to the liver does not cause complete destruction of the liver, but expose your liver to many health risks including pain between the ribs and fatty liver.

33 drugs cause high liver enzymes and liver pain

What drugs cause abnormal high liver enzymes count in blood test results, get to know them may help you and your children heal faster and l... Read More »

A Blood Test For Liver Function Evaluation with References

نشرت بواسطة:Dr.Megan Ralf December 03, 2024 في LFT

If you are looking for a blood test for liver function evaluation, Actually there are 8 tests for liver function testing.I must explain that liver is a principal organ, many biological process are controlled and managed by liver cells, so hat the liver status can be monitored by many methods and tests. Take LFTs when you are checking for the liver working status, General checkup in wellness and illness, checkup in pregnancy, and for checking up almost any pain such as <a href="http://www.bloodtestsresults.com/2014/12/high-liver-enzymes-count-ast-70-alt-80-Heartburn-and-Acid-Reflux.html">Heartburn </a>and difficult urination. In liver function panel tests we use the chemical substance, "usually enzymes" which synthesized or managed by the liver to check how well he liver cells are working.
A panel of tests used to evaluate liver function. Includes: Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) Bilirubin Albumin Total protein
Liver enzyme testing for General checkup includes ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase; Very Specific liver function tests (LFTs) include <a href="http://www.bloodtestsresults.com/2013/10/High-prothrombin-time-and-INR-results-explanation.html">PT, INR</a>, albumin, and bilirubin. Used in the evaluation of symptoms associated with liver disease (jaundice, nausea, vomiting and/or diarrhea; loss of appetite; ascites, hematemesis, melena; fatigue or loss of stamina; history of alcohol or drug abuse).
Who have impaired Liver function and needs for testing? Persons on a certain medication or a taking pills which cause a shot in their liver test results Patients with acute or chronic liver illness Who have signs like Abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, or yellow skin Addicts to Alcohols or abuse drugs. Also Liver enzymes are very sensitive to irritability, allergic reactions, and constipation as well.
Step by step testing for Liver illness and High Enzymes: AST and ALT is the main tests to assess liver function evaluation in most cases of liver diseases as hepatic inflammation due to viruses, alcohols, and others. When results come up with elevation in one or both enzymes, more medical tests must be taken for further diagnosis. Such tests including: Liver <a href="http://www.bloodtestsresults.com/2013/12/Hepatitis-b-virus-antibody-HBV-HBSAg-HBSAb-HBcAb-Positive-results-interpretation.html">viruses </a>tests: HCV-Ab, HBs-Ag, and HAV-IgM test for Children. If there is a yellow discoloration of the skin and urine, take a "Bilrubin test". If Bilirubin is normal, its ok, if high bilirubin results are shown, then take these tests: Alkaline phosphatase 5' nucleotidase, or Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), these tests re specific for assess biliary ducts and bile function. Ultrasound and CT scan to evaluate Liver stones or accumulated fats on the liver which referred as "Fatty Liver". If Stones are shown in Scan results, then you must go for urine test and further blood investigations, If Fats are shown, you must take a fasting blood sample for cholesterol and <a href="http://www.bloodtestsresults.com/2013/11/Cholesterol-310-Triglyceride-205-Glucose-470-what-is-the-meaning.html">triglycerides </a>tests. If Viral testing and Scan show up negative results, take more tests as Alkaline phosphatse and CPK enzymes for assess in bones and muscles issues respectively. If All results come up Normal, then we may consider the raise in liver enzymes of a transient cause such as <a href="http://www.bloodtestsresults.com/2013/12/Liquid-Green-stool-with-mucous-in-stool-analysis-explained.html">Constipation </a>or even unmentioned medication by he patient.
<div style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-fGwhTOBe_Fo/VPc8bZrwTiI/AAAAAAAAA38/iAxOflas4W4/s1600/lfts%2Bpanel%2Bfor%2Bliver%2Bfunction.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="222" loading="lazy" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-fGwhTOBe_Fo/VPc8bZrwTiI/AAAAAAAAA38/iAxOflas4W4/s1600-rw/lfts%2Bpanel%2Bfor%2Bliver%2Bfunction.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
Normal Range and References of main Liver Function Tests: Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 10–35 U/L; SI units: 0–0.58 mkat/L ■ Enzyme found in liver cells exclusively. ■ Used in diagnosis of liver, biliary, and pancreatic disease.
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) Adult, child: 0–35 U/L; SI units: 0–0.58 kat/L Newborn: 15–60 U/L ■ Enzyme found in cardiac muscle, liver, and skeletal muscle. ■ Used primarily to evaluate patients with symptoms of liver disease (jaundice, liver enlargement, fatigue, weight loss, ascites, etc.).
Albumin Adult: 3.5–5 g/dL; SI units: 35–50 g/L Child: 3.8–5.4 g/dL; SI units: 38–54 g/L ■ Main plasma protein; helps maintain osmotic pressure. Decreased albumin causes fluid shifts and resultant edema. ■ Levels decrease in renal or hepatic disease, acute infection,malnutrition, malignancy, diabetes, and many other chronic and acute conditions.
Bilirubin,Total, Direct, Indirect Adult, child: Total: 0.3–1 mg/dL; SI units: 1.7–20.5 mol/L Direct: 0.1–0.3 mg/dL; SI units: 1.7–5.1 mol/L Indirect: 0.1–0.8 mg/dL; SI units: 1.7–12 mol/L Newborn: 1–12 mg/dL; SI units: 17.1–205 mol/L Critical Level: Newborn: 15 mg/dL; SI units: 257 mol/L ■ <a href="http://www.bloodtestsresults.com/2013/11/High-bilirubin-total-and-indirect-in-newborn-jaundiced-babies-explained.html">Bilirubin </a>is a by-product of the the breakdown of hemoglobin. ■ Most bilirubin is chemically attached (conjugated) to another substance. This is called direct bilirubin.  Unconjugated builirubin is called indirect bilirubin. Conjugated bilirubin is excreted in bile. ■ High bilirubin levels cause jaundice and are seen in liver disease and biliary obstruction. ■ In newborns, elevated bilirubin occurs with Rh or ABO incompatibility. Brain jaundice (kernicterus) develops at higher levels and can result in mental retardation, cerebal palsy, or blindness.
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Adult: 42–136 U/L Child: 50–230 U/L ■ Enzyme found predominately in the liver, biliary tract, and bone. ■ Useful in assessing liver and bone disease. ■ ALP isoenzymes distinguish between liver and bone disease. ALP1 is hepatic; ALP2 is from bone.
I have to mention some recommendation, the previous explanation is valid if you wan to go for <a href="http://www.bloodtestsresults.com/2013/07/what-are-tests-included-in-general.html">general check</a> up then such information will guide you, if you're suffering from an illness or unknown pain please book an appointment and get you examined by  a professional doctor.

A Blood Test For Liver Function Evaluation with References

If you are looking for a blood test for liver function evaluation, Actually there are 8 tests for liver function testing. I must explain th... Read More »

High Liver Enzymes Count AST 70 ALT 80 with Heartburn and Acid Reflux Explained

نشرت بواسطة:Dr.Megan Ralf December 03, 2024 في LFT

A study concluded that Elevated liver enzymes is found among people with Heartburn, especially people who are male, 60+ old, also have Acid reflux, and take medication Omeprazole.
Heartburn (a condition in which stomach contents leak backward from the stomach into the oesophagus) 
Heartburn can be treated by Omeprazole, Nexium, Prilosec, Prevacid, Protonix, Prilosec Otc. 
Liver function tests may go abnormal especially when you tend to modify your stomach medication such as 300 mg of Zantac a day as well as half dose PPI. But LFT results come to normal soon as your doses become stable. 
Heartburn causes 
Heartburn that occurs frequently and interferes with your routine is considered gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). GERD treatment may require prescription medications and, occasionally, surgery or other procedures. GERD can seriously damage your esophagus. 
There are different blood testing the doctor can do 
to check for a liver problem: 
1) the <a href="http://bloodtestresults-explained.blogspot.com/2013/07/high-liver-function-test-results-show-high-liver-enzyme-count-explained.html">liver enzymes</a> (ALT,AST,GGT,and ALP) can 
be done to see if the biliary/liver cells are damaged. 
2) the liver function tests (Bilirubin, INR, Albumin, PT, PTT) 
can be done to see how well the cells of the liver are 
able to do their necessary functions. <a href="http://bloodtestresults-explained.blogspot.com/2013/11/High-bilirubin-total-and-indirect-in-newborn-jaundiced-babies-explained.html">Bilirubin </a>is converted 
by the liver into a soluble form. The liver makes clotting 
factors..so the INR, PT, PTT would show how well the 
blood still clots. The liver also makes proteins, of which 
Albumin is one of them. 
3) the liver viral tests will show if a virus has entered 
the body and is using the liver cells to replicate itself. 
When the liver cells are damaged, the immune system 
of the body responds and causes inflammation inside 
the liver which will cause the liver to enlarge in size. 
(having an ultrasound or Ct scan done would show this.) 
The best test, is the liver biopsy. That is because they 
are looking directly at the liver tissue and not just films 
(pictures) of it. 
The doctor may decide to do an endoscopy on you 
to check your stomach area. This is where they sedate 
you and numb your throat and ask you to swallow a 
scope (that has a light and camera on it) and it is passed 
down your esophagus and to the stomach and over 
to the first part of the intestines, known as the 
duodenum. This is know as a Gastroscopy. 
They sometime may do a ERCP...it is exactly the 
same tests as above, except they go over where the 
bile ducts come down to the intestines, ( this is where 
the bile flow through); they put dye in the ducts to be 
<a href="http://www.i-am-pregnant.com/images/heartburn02.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" height="296" loading="lazy" src="http://www.i-am-pregnant.com/images/heartburn02.jpg" width="320" /></a>sure they are open and the bile isn't blocked from 
flowing smoothly to the intestines. 
When the tests is over, then you will be in the 
recovery room. After you come to, they may show 
you the exact pictures they took while inside you. 
They will tell you exactly what was wrong. 
They might still want the upper GI done. 
Blood tests are not 100% accurate. Our <a href="http://bloodtestresults-explained.blogspot.com/">blood work </a> 
fluctuates all the time and if the doctor sees something 
on the test, he will confirm it by doing more blood work 
just to be sure. Many things can cause a change in 
the results of these tests, also...like exercising before 
they are done, taking certain medications, 
having an intramuscular injection and more. 
There are many things that can cause liver cell damage: 
alcohol consumption, medications toxification, 
chemical exposure, <a href="http://bloodtestresults-explained.blogspot.com/2013/12/Hepatitis-b-virus-antibody-HBV-HBSAg-HBSAb-HBcAb-Positive-results-interpretation.html">viral infections</a> (like hep A,B,C) 
parasite infections, hereditary conditions, 
metabolic disorders, cardiac/vascular problems, 
auto immune disease, fatty liver disease, 
biliary obstruction/malformation/infections, 
and so many others. 
This may not be a liver problem, it could be the 
gallbladder or a stone moving from the gallbladder 
over into the bile ducts and blocking the flow of 
bile. ( A simple ultrasound would show if this 
is it or not) 
To determine if your heartburn is a symptom of GERD, your doctor may recommend: 
X-ray, to view the shape and condition of your esophagus and stomach. 
Endoscopy, to check for abnormalities in your esophagus. A tissue sample (biopsy) may be taken for analysis. 
Ambulatory acid probe tests, to identify when, and for how long, stomach acid backs up into your esophagus. An acid monitor that is placed in your esophagus connects to a small computer that you wear around your waist or on a strap over your shoulder. 
Esophageal motility testing, to measure movement and pressure in your esophagus. 
For instance, avoid foods that trigger your heartburn and avoid eating at least two hours before bedtime.

High Liver Enzymes Count AST 70 ALT 80 with Heartburn and Acid Reflux Explained

A study concluded that Elevated liver enzymes is found among people with Heartburn, especially people who are male, 60+ old, also have Acid... Read More »

High and normal bilirubin levels in newborn infants explained

نشرت بواسطة:Dr.Megan Ralf December 03, 2024 في Bilirubin, LFT

<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3X2eATNbLf4/UnlO1nfdt0I/AAAAAAAAANM/veZP2P1WNFU/s1600/jaundiced+baby+high+bilirubin+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+days+birth.jpeg" style="clear: right; display: inline !important; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="jaundiced baby high bilirubin 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 days birth" border="0" loading="lazy" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3X2eATNbLf4/UnlO1nfdt0I/AAAAAAAAANM/veZP2P1WNFU/s1600-rw/jaundiced+baby+high+bilirubin+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+days+birth.jpeg" title="" /></a>Many question around jaundice babies and the form is as " My 9/3/4 day old baby girl/boy is jaundice/ a bili baby/"pumpkin" colored for about 2 weeks?" 
diagnosis of jaundice childrenIs there any cure for babies turning yellow after birth.? 
How serious is a 12.5 bilirubin level jaundice in a new born 
Is it too danger for newborn(total bilirubin)was 18 and now 13 ... 
What does the number of bilirubin mean? Baby now has Jaundice .. 
My baby is 3 weeks old and still has jaundice how long will it ... 
My baby is 5 days old and has yellow in the whites of his eyes ... 
My newly born child has developed jaundice & bilirubin level is 16 ...I will try to highlight the main points and rearrange most frequently asked questions and the recommended tasks to rescue your baby fast.In newborn babies, though, jaundice is common because their liver is often slower to process bilirubin and because they have extra red blood cells that begin to break down soon after they are born. In otherwise healthy newborns, jaundice usually peaks at about three to five days of life and then begins to go away on its own. In breastfed babies, this is called “breastfeeding jaundice” and can take as long as two to three weeks. Jaundice during the first 24 hours of life is not considered normal and will prompt your pediatrician to do some tests on your baby to look for the cause.General Causes of hyperbilirubinemia in children include: 
* newborn jaundice (physiologic jaundice) 
* breastfeeding jaundice 
* breast milk jaundice 
* viral hepatitis (hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, hepatitis D, and hepatitis E) 
* hemolytic anemia 
* disorders present since birth that cause problems processing bilirubin (Gilbert's syndrome, Dubin-Johnson syndrome, Rotor's syndrome, or Crigler-Najjar syndromes) 
* biliary atresia 
* autoimmune hepatitis* malaria Jaundice not transferred from pregnant women to her child after birth if the pregnant cured before gestation because Billirubin is a liver function substance and not participate in reproduction functions but if the women still jaundice then she get pregnant then a probability of jaundice transfusion through blood may be present.Best baby's hyperbilirubinemia cure and treatment: 
incubation : had to be on a bili blanket for about 2 weeks, wrapped her in this blanket and I put her under the light and within 24 hours she no longer had jaundice 
biliblanket. (A blanket with artificial lights sewn into it.): The infant is placed naked under artificial light in a protected isolated to maintain constant temperature. The eyes are protected from the light. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that breastfeeding be continued through phototherapy, if possible.Phototherapy: a process in which infants are exposed to fluorescent-type lights which break down excess bilirubin so it can be excreted through the baby's liver. The baby usually lies naked under the lights for a day or two, with her eyes covered by a protective mask. 
After billirubin is damaged by light it is voided through urine and bowels.If your baby's level of bilirubin doesn't require phototherapy, you can still help bring it down by giving her a little exposure to sunlight in the early morning or late afternoon, taking care to avoid direct exposure to sunlight especially during the day. strip her to her diaper and let her soak up the indirect sunlight, "this is not usually possible". The baby would need to be completely undressed and would be at risk of sunburn.In case of jaundiced babies The most followed procedures are: 
Just keep nursing the baby 10-12 times in a 24 hour period. You do not need to give formula to clear it up. Just keep him/her under a special light. After a week 
Breastfeeding helps a lot.Don't listen to people who tell you to give him water cause the extra billirubin comes out of the feces not the urine.In the most severe cases of jaundice, an exchange transfusion is required. In this procedure, the baby's blood is replaced with fresh blood. Treating severely jaundiced babies with intravenous immunoglobulin may also be very effective at reducing bilirubin levels.The harmful may be occurred to the baby by bilirubin differs by the bilirubin level in the blood over the next days of birth until 4 to 8 weeks Bilirubin level in the day 1 of birth until day four start down from 6 – 8 mg/dl and peaks within next three days and may be peaked or over peaked to 13 – 18 mg/dl in the day four of birth, it should be down from the fifth day until the day 15 of birth at most.
Bilirubin level exceeding 18 mg/dl after 4 days it should be treated fast with incubation. 
Bilirubin level shouldn't be more than 20 mg/dl after week, if it is arrived the baby must hospitalized immediately until it be down.Some babies may have higher bilirbin levels after it being decrease, this is due to breastfeeding and will be treated by biliblanket for a few days until bilirubin be ok again, this happen within 2 – 4 weeks. 
In the bilirubin level higher than 23 mg/dl, High bilirubin can cause brain damage, although rarely, affect the brain in a condition called kernicterus.It must be monitored closely until he is out of a dangerous level. 
Types of bilirubin in newborn babies: 
Physiological jaundice usually appears between day 2 and 3, peaks between days 2 and 4, and clears by 2 weeks. Physiological jaundice usually causes no problems. 
Breast milk jaundice is non-harmful form of newborn jaundice. Breast milk may contain a substance that increases reuse of bilirubin in the intestines. Such jaundice appears in some healthy, breastfed babies after day 7 of life, and usually peaks during weeks 2 and 3. It may last at low levels for a month or more.Breastfeeding jaundice is a type of exaggerated physiological jaundice seen in breastfed babies in the first week, especially in those that are not nursing often enough. It is different than breast milk jaundice in that it occurs later and is caused by the milk itself. 
Pathological bilirubin: is due to a disease in liver or other cause.Example 1: Billirubin level peaks from day 1 until day 4 days old 
· daughter was born @ 36 weeks gestation, due to my developing preeclampsia 
· billirubin level was 8.8 after two days of birth 
· billirubin level was at 13.6 in the day fourth of birth 
· as jaundice babies are often sleepy 
Recommendations: 
· just put her in the sun when it shines on the carpet, or the bed. That will clear her right up. 
· breastfeed : pump and feed her extra with a syringe or dropperExample 2: high bilirubin with mild arthritis. 
Total bilirubin was 18 mg/dl (normal bilirubin level is up to 1.0 mg/dl) 
Total bilirubin after 2 days is down to 13 mg/dl 
Serum CRP is 48 (negative CRP is less than 12 mg/dl) 
CBC show high erythrocytes count and normal in other indices. 
Is these results too danger for newborn or just fine?The answer is: 
This baby is fine and bilirubin level will be ok and continue down in the the next few days 
No need of light incubation or treatments, it may be a dew minutes on lights to help decrease jaundice status faster.

High and normal bilirubin levels in newborn infants explained

Many question around jaundice babies and the form is as " My 9/3/4 day old baby girl/boy is jaundice/ a bili baby/"pumpkin"... Read More »

High liver function test results show high liver enzyme count explained

نشرت بواسطة:Dr.Megan Ralf December 03, 2024 في LFT

If you receive your lab results of blood tests for liver function tests, you may be worried when you find elevated SGOT and SGPT tests and results may be abnormal due to several reasons and an endless causes, because the liver function is very important to detoxify the blood from all toxic substances, so that the inflammation of the liver is serious and not diagnostic by raise in SGOT and SGPT levels only,I will explain that and later we will discuss real cases that have liver diseases and will try to interpreting results to understand what is the liver health is?
Why my liver function test show high liver enzymes results? It is a complicated answer, to know why, however other tests must be ordered; all Liver function tests or as abbreviated as LFTs “ALT Alanine amino transferase, which sometimes written as SGPT, SGPT, Albumin, Total Protein, Alkaline Phosphates, Gama glutamyl transferase, Bilirubin: consists of two analytes, direct bilirubin and In-Direct Bilirubin, GGT, 5’ nucleotides” 
1- if all of them are normal and only SGOT (AST), and SGPT (ALT) are high: also there is many expectations: when ALT/AST are high but close to normal it may be not pathogenic, but if the normal was 40 IU/L and your lab result is around 60 it may be a liver disease and usually doctors suspect a hepatic viruses of B, or C type 2- Carry HCV test, and HBV tests, to know if the highness of ALT/AST is due to viral hepatitis, 3- Order another blood test of alcohols and lipid tests in serum to know if it is a fatty liver disease or alcoholic disease of liver 4- If not, it is suspected to be immunology disease or hereditary which is very rare 
Abnormal test results of liver tests may be: Asymptomatic, so that may be neglected by doctors, and serum of patient not investigated for liver enzymesElevated liver enzymes may be secondary to a disease or disorder other than hebatic route. However in the normal persons liver enzymes may a little elevated by 2 SD which may be represent about 3.0% of a healthy population will have LFTs outside the normal range 
<a href="http://bloodtestresults-explained.blogspot.com/2013/07/what-are-tests-included-in-general.html">Recommended confirmatory tests: </a> simple step by step guide what should you do when your liver function test results is high?1- <a href="http://bloodtestresults-explained.blogspot.com/2013/05/What-tests-should-be-done-for-the-blood-clots-and-Thrombotic-Risks.html">Prothormbin time</a> and determination of INR: help in confirm the elevated liver enzymes, in which if High Prothrombin time ratio means that the elevation in liver enzymes is due to disease of the liver, may be there is a liver disease and persons have normal PT time so that we move to second confirmatory test…2- Albumin and total protein in serum: high Albumin is caused by severe liver diseases3- Hepatitis B, C: help identify if the elevation in LFT is due to hepatitis of any type of B, C viruses.4- If not hepatic disease, carry out a lipogram test (serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride), to ensure that not due to fatty liver5- Carry bilirubin test: to confirm if there is chronic liver disease or not (usually associated with other liver function test (LFT) abnormalities). 6- ALP test: alkaline phosphates is a common test which identify liver problems due to destruction of hepatic cells 
Again I will integrate many lab results for persons who have high elevation in lever function tests and liver enzymes, you can add yours

High liver function test results show high liver enzyme count explained

If you receive your lab results of blood tests for liver function tests, you may be worried when you find elevated SGOT and SGPT tests and ... Read More »

What is Alkaline Phosphatase in Blood Test? What level of Alkaline Phosphatase is Dangerous?

نشرت بواسطة:Dr.Megan Ralf December 03, 2024 في LFT

ALP stands for "Alkaline Phosphatase", it's and enzyme produced mainly by liver and bones. In the medical laboratory we measure this enzyme by a blood test called "ALP test" either individually or as a member of a <a data-id="6367" data-type="post" href="https://bloodtestsresults.com/q-what-does-it-mean-by-cmp128ac/">comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP)</a> or a <a data-id="29" data-type="post" href="https://bloodtestsresults.com/a-blood-test-for-liver-function-evaluation-with-references/">liver panel</a>, briefly ALP blood test results if elevated may refer to inflammation in biliary ducts within liver or bone issues such as Paget’s disease. and low ALP blood test results may indicate low minerals in your diet or <a data-id="574" data-type="post" href="https://bloodtestsresults.com/tsh-normal-range-by-age-thyroid-levels-chart-tsh-levels-chart/">low levels of thyroid gland</a> or may be genetic.

ALP test may written as <a data-id="6515" data-type="post" href="https://bloodtestsresults.com/what-does-serum-mean-before-a-lab-test-name/">S.ALP or Serum ALP</a>.

Very high ALP test levels in children

The Enzyme Alkaline phosphates catalyses the bone growth process in children, thus why ALP test levels seen very high in kid's lab results which is normal issue due to normal bone growth. But if ALP levels in blood test still elevated above the normal ranges after childhood it can be one of health issues including Paget’s disease, <a data-id="47" data-type="post" href="https://bloodtestsresults.com/hepatitis-b-virus-antibody-hbv-hbsag-hbsab-hbcab-positive-results-interpretation/">hepatitis</a>, bile duct obstruction or rarely bone cancer. Also, low levels of vitamin D can trigger ALP to be increased as well as High levels of thyroid hormones.

ALP high results may be written <a data-id="4609" data-type="post" href="https://bloodtestsresults.com/red-flags-h-l-a-c-astric-stars-arrows-on-a-blood-test-what-is-meaning-does-that-bad-should-i-worry/">ALP or alkaline phosphatase with "H" letter or red flags</a>

What ALP level Meaning Danger?

It's normally to see kid's have 1000 in their ALP results in compared to the normal ranges which is 150 to 460 in most laboratories, but ALP 1000 in adults meaning very high level because the ALP normal range for adults (elder than 12 years old) is up to 100 in females and 130 in males. so that ALP 1000 in adults is almost 10 times higher than the normal range for age and gender.

What if ALP test result is 20 times the normal range?

Extreme levels of ALP in adults may indicate massive destruction in biliary ducts or bones which is a dangerous level range that require rapid medical intervention. Some infection can lead to <a data-id="671" data-type="post" href="https://bloodtestsresults.com/bilirubin-levels-chart-low-high-bilirubin-levels/">very high bilirubin levels</a> and alkaline phosphatase as well which alarm that liver toxified and must clear the infection first to normalize ALP and Bilirubin levels.

Calcium test and Vitamin D test results if be extremely elevated a lot with very high Alp test results they can indicate bone disease particularly men over 50 , commonly Paget's disease.

Also, ALP test results do not directly related to <a data-id="30" data-type="post" href="https://bloodtestsresults.com/blood-test-for-kidney-function-stones-renal-failure-dehydration/">Kidney function test</a>, <a data-id="904" data-type="post" href="https://bloodtestsresults.com/types-of-anemia-anemia-definition-chart/">Anemia</a>, <a data-id="3379" data-type="post" href="https://bloodtestsresults.com/what-does-high-hiv-viral-load-and-low-cd4-count-mean/">HIV AIDS disease</a>, or <a data-id="55" data-type="post" href="https://bloodtestsresults.com/painful-white-spot-on-my-right-tonsil-with-and-without-sore-throat/">Tonsillitis</a>.

What is Alkaline Phosphatase in Blood Test? What level of Alkaline Phosphatase is Dangerous?

ALP stands for "Alkaline Phosphatase", it's and enzyme produced mainly by liver and bones. In the medical laboratory we measu... Read More »